What is the primary function of dendrites in a neuron?

The primary function of dendrites in a neuron is to receive signals. Dendrites are the specialized extensions of a neuron that branch out from the cell body and increase the surface area available for receiving neurotransmitters from other neurons. When an electrical impulse reaches the end of an axon, neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft, and these chemicals bind to receptors on the dendrites of the adjacent neuron. This binding can lead to changes in the postsynaptic neuron's membrane potential, thereby influencing whether it will fire an action potential and transmit its own signal.

The structure of dendrites, with their numerous branches and synaptic connections, is crucial for integrating incoming information from multiple sources, which is essential for the overall function of the nervous system. In contrast, other functions mentioned, like transmitting impulses, insulating signals, or storing energy, do not accurately describe the role of dendrites. Those tasks are typically associated with other components of the neuron, such as the axon and myelin sheath.