Which organelle is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances in the cell?

The organelle responsible for detoxifying harmful substances in the cell is the peroxisome. They contain enzymes that break down fatty acids and amino acids, as well as catalase, which converts hydrogen peroxide—a potentially harmful byproduct of metabolic processes—into water and oxygen. This detoxification is crucial for maintaining the cell’s health and preventing damage from accumulated toxic substances.

Lysosomes play a role in breaking down waste materials and cellular debris but are not specifically designed for detoxification of harmful substances. The Golgi apparatus is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or use within the cell, and centrioles are primarily involved in cell division and the organization of the mitotic spindle. Therefore, the peroxisome is distinct in its specific functions related to detoxification within the cellular context.